What is Encryption in Computer Software?

Every modern computer includes tools to encrypt data in order to make it inaccessible to anyone without the proper key. What is encryption and how does it work? This article explains how encryption protects sensitive information from hackers.

Data encryption is the process of turning readable information into coded text that is only be deciphered using the correct password by authorized users. It is an important component of cyber-security, which ensures the security of data as well as keeping confidential information from being accessed by any unauthorised users.

The most common type of encryption uses cryptographic mathematical models to turn the original information into a fragmented set of characters that aren’t read (known as ciphertext). Encryption algorithms “scramble” individual bits in a randomized fashion so that even with massive computing power it would take a long time to try and figure out the key to convert back to plain text.

For instance, if you employ the most commonly used form of encryption, referred to AES (Advanced Encryption Standard) on your digital files, every one of the ones and zeros which make up the file is scrambled ten times in a semi-random pattern. It would take a computer some time to reorder all the numbers in the correct order without the key.

It also helps to stop data leaks and ransomware attacks. If hackers steal encrypted data, they are unable to read it and will be in a position to not blackmail the business or individuals involved with the threat of releasing the stolen data on the dark web. Additionally, encryption protects backup systems from hackers as they aren’t able access the data in its original format.

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